Researchers led by John Carroll and S. James Chen developed a novel method for three-dimensional reconstruction of vessels while also providing improved quantitative coronary analysis (QCA) techniques utilizing such 3-D reconstructions. This method of reconstruction solves the problems associated with other 3-D imaging techniques by providing a more accurate depiction of coronary vessels with increased adaptability to varying orientations and motions of the heart and other organ structures. Given the vast improvements in the reconstruction method, QCA techniques are also vastly improved, allowing for more precise interventional procedures and therefore a better understanding of various drugs and their effects on coronary vessels.