Researchers led by Jennifer Richer have discovered that tumors that respond to a traditional endocrine (i.e. anti-estrogen or AI) therapy have a positive correlation between the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) while tumors that respond less well to an endocrine therapy (as measured by shorter time to relapse or shorter disease-free survival) have a significantly higher percentage of cells that are positive for AR than for ER. This discovery enables a method to determine the most effective form of endocrine therapy for breast cancer (ER-directed versus AR-directed therapy), acts as an independent predictor of disease-free survival, and can be used to monitor clinical response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, all by determining the ratio of AR to ER in a biopsy or primary tumor resection from the patient.
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