Dr. Jeffrey Karpen and his research team have developed a novel research tool with a high signal-to-noise ratio for improved spatial and temporal resolution to be used in the detection of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a signaling molecule present in many cell types. To do this, researchers genetically engineered cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGs), a channel with high sensitivity to activation by cAMP. Modified CNGs are ideal for the study of the cAMP signaling pathways involved in pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, ischemic brain damage, and cognitive deficits common with aging and ADHD. This tool also aids in identification of potential pharmacological treatments for these diseases.